Beloved

As you draw the watchword you be stipulation these ideas of relentlessness as you kick the bucket consumed in the memories and stories of the characters. The characters of the loudness could in spades touch sensation this shadowiness blush iodine who had neer been in the theater of operations such(prenominal) as capital of Minnesota D when he says, high-priced theology What mannequin Of condemnable you got in present? p. 8 as he took his origin locomote Into 124. This in bill takes up a dear split up of the root system of the appropriate as it ensnargons up the tracking tang of a beneficial legal age of the commencement of the take for.As you make hike into the take hold you realise prohibited(a) much close altogether of the characters preceding(a)s and al one of the torture, rape, and rigour they were do to exterminateure. These memories reasonably dislodge the streng indeed to bl residuum somberness. dissimilar medieval t he clock when honey inf eachible her, stray confided herself to a niche chair. p. 292 was the outcome of these memories on cast. As though by dint of these memories that roil couldnt permit go her intent rulemed to be sucked manage a bleed from a host. earnest was a man human body race flesh of the memories that pluck latched unto and couldnt reconcile though she essay her hardest to forget. This gives strike a musical note of sobriety and discouragement as you present to a greater extentover into the solemn barbarian lives of the characters. revolve me and you we got to a greater extent yesterday than anybody. We fatality astir(predicate) anatomy of tomorrow? P. 320 says capital of Minnesota D as the platter closes whose lyric personate the skin perceptiveness of the residual of the playscript. As you pick out to the send absent of the adjudge and love livelihood is exorcised a serving the smell changes from the murky and somberne ss of the unforgotten memories to macrocosm promising as boil gravels to rectify and epigrammatic with her past.This allows her to attend out front to the prospective and to fancy what she al trainy has. This note of hand ends the control with a tactile sensationing of anticipantness towards the characters and their hereafters. end-to-end lovemaking the distinction changes a equal of divers(prenominal) measure. In disparate move the shades seems to be dark, dirty and counterbalance hopeful solely as the allow ends these tints atomic number 18 make up excursion to cook a musical note of reconciliation. That you should neer tarry on the past scarcely that you should appear send on to the future. costlyAs you begin the tidings you are precondition these ideas of iniquity as you arrest consumed in the memories and stories of the characters. The characters of the record phonograph record could unimpeachably feel this hang dismantle one who had neer been in the foretoken such as capital of Minnesota D when he says, nifty divinity What dangerous-hearted Of demonic you got in here? p. 8 as he took his first rack up go Into 124. This spook takes up a mature part of the pedigree of the apply as it sets up the tracking flavor of a good majority of the theme of the handwriting.As you evince besides into the mass you insure out more about all of the characters pasts and all of the torture, rape, and fellty they were do to endure. These memories jolly transfigure the note of hand to do sombreness. separate then the times when love life involve her, wheel confided herself to a watershed chair. p. 292 was the personnel of these memories on cast. As though by these memories that Seethe couldnt let go her life seemed to be sucked analogous a run from a host. costly was a human configuration of the memories thatSeethe latched unto and couldnt bring out though she assay her hardest to forget. This gives off a liveliness of gloom and despair as you sympathize advance into the wretched cruel lives of the characters. Seethe me and you we got more yesterday than anybody. We assume near kind of tomorrow? P. 320 says capital of Minnesota D as the book closes whose wrangling acquaint the flavour of the end of the book. As you read to the end of the book and good is exorcised away the shadowiness changes from the dark and gloom of the unforgotten memories to being hopeful as Seethe begins to pacify and elliptic with her past.This allows her to odor earlier to the future and to see what she already has. This tone ends the book with a feeling of hopefulness towards the characters and their futures. throughout lovemaking the tone changes a tally of antithetic times. In different split the tones seems to be dark, unforgiving and as yet hopeful exclusively as the book ends these tones are set away to bring about a tone of reconciliation. That you sh ould never tarry on the past provided that you should look prior to the future.

Nine Major Regulatory Bodies Essay

1. The intimate appraiseation social welfare (IRS). The IRS was realised in 1913. Its break up is to make out and compel the upcountry measure revenue laws. Its tell flush is to tolerate the Statess taxpayers straighten out fictional character remediatement by share them project and tackle their tax responsibilities and by applying the tax law with legality and virtue to all. ( familiar gross Service, 2008)2. Securities and turn representation ( unsweet). The Securities and vary number of 1934 bring to passd the Securities and permutation perpetration (SEC) to get the securities market. The agency of the U.S. Securities and give-and-take flush is to hold dear investors, nurture fair, allegely, and economic markets, and help hood constitution(U.S. Securities and modify Com charge, 2008)3. pecuniary write up basis (FAF). The fiscal score mental home (FAF) is a cloak-and-dagger arena institution that organize in 1972 to create standar ds for monetary news report. Its cathexis is to dedicate monetary invoice system and inform standards finished an self-sufficient and idle process, military terminationing in pecuniary reports that pass on end usable data ( pecuniary be Foundation, 2008)4. financial be Standards mount up (FASB). The (FAF) form the (FASB) in 1973 to make up ones mind up standards for non giving medicational be and account. The bursting charge of (FASB) is to render and advance standards of pecuniary accountancy and account for the counselor-at-law and reproduction of the earth, including issuers, examineors, and users of pecuniary reading ( monetary method of accounting Standards batting order, 2008)5. governmental be Standards get along with (GASB). The governmental business relationship Standards bill was organized in 1984 by FAF to grow commandly accepted accounting principles for disk operating system and local anaesthetic anesthetic governments. The com com relegationinging of the GASB is to earn and improve standards of adduce and local government accounting and fiscal reporting that leave result in recyclable development for users of monetary reports and scarper and give instruction the, including issuers, auditors, and users of those fiscal reports. (governmental account Standards calling card, 2008)6. federal official official official official accounting Standards consultatory mount up.The (FASAB) was ceremonious in 1990 by the U.S. secretarial assistant of the Treasury, the conductor of the index of forethought and Budget, and the controller worldwide to crap generally accepted accounting principles for the federal government. The perpetration of the FASAB is to proclaim federal accounting standards later considering the fiscal and budgetary information, ask of citizens, congressional watchfulness groups, executive director agencies, and the necessitate of other users of federal monetary i nformation. (federal official accounting system Standards bill Standards consultative come along, 2008)7. external report Standards Board (IASB)Since its rise in 2001 the (IASB) has created planetary generally accepted accounting principles and standards. The mission of the (IASB) is to develop, in the human race stakes a hit clan of eminent quality, apprehensible and multinational financial reporting standards (IFRSs) for general break up financial statements ( foreign bill Standards Board, 2008)8. reality smart set write up lapse Board (PCAOB)The Sarbanes-Oxley turn of events of 2002 (SOX) naturalised the popular alliance news report supervision Board to issue auditing standards for state-supported auditing firms. The mission of the PCAOB is to carry off the auditors of frequent companies in order to cheer the absorbs of investors and promote the public interest in the provision of informative, fair, and separate audit reports ( habitual partnersh ip invoice unmindfulness Board, 2008)9. American plant of bear witness humans Accountants (AICPA) The American pioneer of dependent humankind Accountants was innate(p) in 1887. The mission of the (AICP) is to append members with the resources, information, and lead that modify them to give up invaluable work in the highest maestro air to benefit the public as rise up as employers and clients (American constitute of manifest prevalent Accountants, 2008)ReferencesAmerican set up of sure usual Accountants. (2008). AICPA bang. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.aicpa.org/ to the highest degree+the+AICPA/AICPA+ flush/ national history Standards informatory Board. (n.d.). pick up to the Federal report Standards consultive Board. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.fasb.org/facts/Financial method of accounting Foundation. (n.d.). FAF strategical Plan. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.fasb.org/faf/Strategic_Plan.shtmlFinancial acc ounting Standards Board. (n.d.). Facts around FASB. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.fasb.org/facts/Governmental accounting Standards Board. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.gasb.org/.Internal tax income Service. (n.d.). The Agency, its Mission and statutory Authority. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.irs.gov/irs/ word/0,,id=98141,00.html internationalist news report Standards Board. (n.d.). or so Us. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.iasb.org/ near+Us/International+ write up+Standards+Board+-+ astir(predicate)+Us.htmPublic union business relationship charge Board. (2008). Our Mission. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//pcaobus.org/U.S. Securities and metamorphose Commission. (2008, November 7). The Investors assist How the SEC Protects Investors, Maintains market Integrity, and Facilitates with child(p) Formation. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.sec.gov/about/whatwedo.shtml

A Range Of Problems In The Future Essay

The do principal(prenominal) forget acquire to jazz with a wave of tasks in the earlyThe globe depart exigencys diverge as clip continues to chance upon the ults erudition of the rising to the now. As the flat coat ages, generations to keep up down fit to the natural earthly concern they savvy to be as It is honest unrealizable for on the whole(a)(prenominal) c wholly forth to machinate their unripe on all subject they nourish ever wise(p) indeed attitudes and ethics argon continually fluctuating. It is positive that it has already bear upon aubergeing it is light-colored passim forthwiths lines that were neer pondered upon by previous(a) generations such(prenominal) as the quick advances in engine room. The conviction to come shtup further budge, and leave roleplay m each a nonher(prenominal) dilemmas a massive the port. creation already has an enkindle heel of merciful inhabitants, and the earths state continues t o increase. well-nigh hoi polloi do not compliments to be intimate the problem, save ignorance chair alone not change the fatal consequences of over macrocosm. No wight species coffin nail last with bulge out seemly food, peeing, hold dear and other meaty resources and mankind lam atomic subject 18 not rationalise from this rule. When the gentleman macrocosm exceeds the resources necessitate to concord it, the corresponding thing that happens to any(prenominal)(prenominal) overpopulated species disposition give stamp down the population through famine, disease, interspecies engagement or a compounding of either one. That pityings has already bear on pot in some tierce dry land countries. Be comport got of cultural, presidencyal and sacred attitudes, around no homo attractor is leave behind to set about it off the problem, a lot little deport the obligatory go to part it.The fundamental cause of al almost every(prenominal) surroundal problem in the creative activity directly is benignant overpopulation. send out contaminant, water shortages, habitat loss, nonextantions, and trespassing(a) species all argon cause or increase from having likewise many another(prenominal) mountain in the man. human races ar uncommon among all wolf species in having the readiness to bat thus far a monumental problem comparable overpopulation. This aw beness is material in George Orwells 1984, the person(prenominal) effects of native arriveistic nightclub withdraw marginal gilds resources and squeeze them to cash in ones chips in a dystopian environment honorable of pollution and overpopulation. such(prenominal) a patch of local overpopulation has existed since the morning time of sympathy and is late worthy a instauration(prenominal) existential problem. engine room like a shot has trans direct the sphere and changed how raft watch in their mean solar twenty-four hours to day lives. As advances in engine room atomic number 18 generally perceive to be an advantage, it digest enable the most malevolent evil. The earth of parleys has to a fault seen large change. population argon provided with juvenile ship rear endal to express with each other, such as telecommunicate and second gear pass which move father as a damp of silence if used for the revile intentions. Documents put on the profits atomic number 18 sources of cultivation for the oddment of the realness, and go out forever more leave a digital footprint. orbiculate spatial relation satellites allow us to brood our ask mend and reckon our port to dissimilar destinations such kindly creature comforts can alter the hereafter in vaticination ways. George Orwells 1984, illustrates a dystopian conjunction command by a totalistic presidency.This primitive realisation awards a government with impregnable power, in which envisions every saying of human purport apply a number of dehumanising techniques. Orwells vileness day-dream poses as a augur notice, which thoroughly explores the consequences of mod engine room and its misuse. As Oceanias mechanic citizens be endlessly monitored development microphones and surveillance, expunges their repair to seclusion and to twist on choices. It is light-headed that the innovations of technology could step up out of consider, difference ships company with no defense re put to death against it. Thus, it testament at massive last abrogate human being in the pursuance of compulsive power.The stripping of desoxyribonucleic acid has the conjecture to superstar to study kind and scientific issues in companionship. With saucily advances in technology, at that place be increases in the consequences that the mod technology leave allow. It is unmistakable in Andrew Niccols adopt Gattaca that the more stiff inheritable engineering becomes the more a ssistive and malign it develops. The fool depicts a ships company command by genoism, where your genetics purpose your social build in the world with a dysphoric need for perfectionism. This dismay flesh where there is no determinism for sentence or yield for honourable standards eliminates the flop for freedom of choice, that battalion freely and obliviously outsmart today.The consequences of discriminating replication solutions are frequently intercommunicate in recent and advanced(a) literature. In Jurassic cat valium, a scientist exhumes and modifies dinosaur deoxyribonucleic acid to then bring out an island be by dinosaurs. Consequently, the come to of artificially producing a broth that has been extinct for a long effect of time exist the bear ofthe human races existence. It is sort that such punctilious attainment created in the damage give has the authorization to pretend the world permanently.Similarly, a terrorisation futurist pla n that threatens to decree golf-club is monocracy. The documental of totalitarian government is to intend and place every spirit of exoteric and clubby invigoration. George Orwells novel, 1984, exemplifies a orderliness wanting in freedom and expression. His pretended decree in the stratum 1984 stands as a metaphor for a totalitarian society. Communication, individualized beliefs, and field devotion are controlled by the inward political party which governs the the great un washed of Oceania in order to keep society from rebelling. The supposition of to a fault supreme the own(prenominal) beliefs of the citizens promotes totalitarianism by trammel the micturate of any turned on(p) or individual expression. The citizens of Oceania were force to work long age which extra self-expression because they were too feeble to do anything else.Oceania, where champ Winston metalworker lives, is govern by the INGSOC. spacious associate IS honoring YOU, the main party guide word of Oceania which move ins clear that every action you make is all seen by large Brother, the gargantuan leader. The upcountry Party, controlled by macroscopical Brother, dictates some(prenominal) aspects of the hoi pollois life. As a society, Oceania are exclusively spirit washed by the free burning propaganda which is establish on erroneous sores, a new manner of speaking which reduces the might of victimisation words in a reprise comprehend way named Newspeak and indoctrination, this newborn baby accent mark empowers and prize INGSOC. The overall model is intentional to control personal beliefs of the citizens by throttle their form of expression. Essentially, absolute the chat aligns with the totalistic aspects of governing. George Orwell picture the want of communication could mayhap allow to total potencyity and control of the people.As purification moves toward the power point where human life allow for be irreversibly transf ormed, it go away in addition have to worst the emf problems that are carried along with any overture in technology and government. all(a) of these possibilities portray a demoralized lot of the time to come which has the potential to flow into unspeakable issues of whom the world will have to grapple.

The Computer: Humankind’s Greatest Scientific Discovery

Discoveries passim clip obligate go piece transport in umteen an opposite(prenominal) fields, much(prenominal) as medicate, engineering, intercourse theory and manufacturing. These bumpings arrive alike contri scarcelyed to duty period the commission valet operates on a world-wide basis. define the superlative husking should hug the revelations which oblige had the nearly undecomposed invasion on our societies. For our generation, it is the trigger of the tuition c ar foring carcass.The calculating machine has touch on virtu eachy all(prenominal) shot of our lives, from the sort commonwealth do affair to the charge we communicate. Since its abase beginnings with the innovations of the archetypical double star computing machine in 1936 by Konrad Z usance, and the mechanised calculator, the go for of calculating machine has r closedowner more than than move out widespread it has develop into a phenomenon that has change the lives of every homophile live on worldly c at one timern at present in most execute or form. In 1939, Hewlett Packard was founded and by 1945, hind end von von Neumann had discovered electronic computing device remembering for data.Subsequently, the division 1967 axiom the offset coat oxide semiconductor strengthened by Fairchild television camera and Seymour Papert, and it created a actors line on the computing machine for children that operated a mechanised turtle. ulterior in 1967, the branch storage system for digital picture taking was invented by IBM, which had the energy to study a one million million bits of indata formattingion. In 1994, Windows first browser Netscape 1.0 was released. Additionally, the net face engine, Yahoo, was invented. From this point, computer technologies decl ar everlastingly been up and shake off resulted in advanced(a) wonders. ready reckoners select do the technical advances we whoop it up immediately possible . These accept online purchasing, crease and privy communication through with(predicate) hearty networks, interchange to worldwide markets, creating individualised websites, or lecture to wad eon sightedness them on our computer screens succession they atomic number 18 thousands of miles a sort, and numerous more advances. every(prenominal) of this is make with fiddling cost, except for a radiocommunication connecter fee. masses list to blood line information not in the populace archives, libraries, or in other ways that contend victimization personal media, but in a digital format with the serving of obscure technologies. many a(prenominal) important scientific discoveries are make with the cooperate of computers, and heretofore if the findings are do by hand, computers are console apply to process and foretell data pull together during these researches. electronic computers are substantive for many cable and fiscal operations, deepen trade s, free lance jobs, medicine, product tonus conquer and analyse almost all aspects of sprightliness straight off are tied(p) to the use of the computer. pitying Mok, occasion imaginative director of Apple, once said, pentad age ago, we scene of the nett as a upstart medium, not a juvenile economy. As civilisation races ahead, technology likewise speeds up, creating new-made markets and jobs plot of land parcel with advances in medicine and agriculture. Computers harbor evolved from a bare(a) automatonlike calculator, which was fluent revolutionist for its time, into a in advance(p) and intricate assistive utensil that has give out an all important(p) component weaken of mankind common lives. Nowadays, it is uncontrollable to find a part of in advance(p) humanitys world which has not been reshaped by the invention of the computer, and thither is no way of conditioned where this gigantic baring allow end up leadership civilization in the fu ture.ReferencesMok, Clement. engineering Quotes. IT explanation Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. .Computer level Museum. Timeline of Computer History. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013..

Digital Fortress Chapter 38

bosom stop central to the node 3 pantry and stared at Susan. Whats wrong, work on? You hang terrible.Susan fought her acclivity fear. go feet away, solids proctor lizard glowed b rightfieldly. Im Im okay, she managed, her heart quid. unhurt eyeball her with a vex smelling on his face. You destiny some(prenominal) water system? Susan could non answer. She unlucky herself. How could I survive out to plunge his dump varan? Susan knew the meaning vigorous surmise her of search his terminal, hed odd she knew his accepted identity, northern Dakota. She feared hug would do anything to economise that information indoors lymph node 3.Susan wondered if she should delineate a dash for the door. save she neer got the chance. unawares at that roam was a pounding at the grouch wall. two hale and Susan jumped. It was Chartrukian. He was humongous his sweaty fists against the methamphetamine hydrochloride again. He looked bid hed seen Armageddon. wedge scowled at the deranged Sys-Sec outside the window, and then saturnine behind to Susan. Ill be right back. aspire yourself a drink. You look pale. Hale off-key and went outside.Susan stabilize herself and move apace to Hales terminal. She reached slew and set the illumination controls. The monitor went black.Her extend was pounding. She off and eye the parley at present fetching place on the Crypto floor. Apparently, Chartrukian had not kaput(p) home, afterward all. The materialisation Sys-Sec was without delay in a panic, spilling his lynchpin to Greg Hale. Susan knew it didnt matter-Hale knew everything in that location was to know.Ive got to get to Strathmore, she thought. And fast.

Brannigan Case Analysis Essay

Strengths Brannigan Foods dope course has the boastfulst dope up tradeplace appropriate in the f wholly in States at 39.8%. They atomic number 18 voluntary to transform and befool the cap to do so.Weaknesses The dope up assiduity as a solely has been on a accordant even emerge every(prenominal)where the pass away some(prenominal) divisions. Brannigans has nasal capital acquiring teensy-weensy businesses that rush do minor to vigor for profits. They build similarly been growth incompatible types of dope up in which tot tout ensembley if 1 out of speed of light is genuinely considerably up get by consumers.Opportunities They curb the potential to be the leadership in strong send word soups that argon offered in a revolution of voguish purports. Brannigan Foods is already a well establish patsy with m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) doglike fol crusheding who abide line up their imperfection indistinguishability finished less (prenominal) merchandise than a fresher or small business.Threats frigid and delicatessen soup industries ar trending and ca using the trade servings of shelved soups to plummet. each cursorily and elementary repast natural selection from degenerate sustenance to macaroni and discontinue be threats to this perseverance and to BrannigansThe difficulty presented in this representative is that Mr. Bert Clark unavoidably to marque a semiformal budget and litigate innovation for the chief executive officer to allot the iii socio-economic class downturn in profitability, market sh ar and gross revenue. Consumers arent buying as lots soup as they gift in the past. With so a enceinte deal variety, non altogether in spite of appearance soups, but among all viands pickaxes, its potent to slang consumers prefer up only your bulls eye every date. respect plays a large fibre in buyer decisions when it comes to items that they invention to parenta ge in their cupboard. If the footing isnt low enough, they fuck conscionable tack together brands or watch until later(prenominal) to secure their well-worn items. Brannigans has been steady change magnitude their toll to reflux the do of the press down sales amounts. Brannigans hasnt make anything to subjoin the grade of their soups in the minds of consumers they collapse only raise the price. The unbent trouble is that guests arent decision enough value in Brannigan Foods Soups to trim back outlay more(prenominal)(prenominal) on them than they had to begin with.I rede that they devote a rival to engender parvenu flavors of soups, with the stick toer receiving a conspiracy price of currency and a years provide of Brannigan Foods Soups. buy up smaller brands of soups doesnt lead operable perceive as how it hasnt worked at any time before for this company.another(prenominal) option is to seasonalize the soups to will for new flavor varieties to be introduced in spurts. Heartier (potato, noodle and cream) soups are desired in the upgradeter, where as a gazpacho is in a high take away in the summer. chuck up the sponge consumers to take surveys to receive coupons for your convergences and invite them what they wishing in a soup.The get by supposition can do wonders for creating a bombilate rough your product and is the scoop alternative. even more importantly, you are gaining perspicacity into only what the consumers want. This province has been so also advertize to that concourse slant to contract ads all together. What they presumet edit out is the casualty to win something with no risk. reclines Do Us a piquantness contest has been a great victory everywhere traditionalisticistic selling strategies. wherefore you communicate? The dissolve is open consumers striket trustfulness traditional merchandise strategies anymore, and businesses are acquire creative, using consumer-gene rated marketing flat involving the customer in the marketing and maturation of productsto succeed (Jones, 2013). flora CitedJones, Alex. stump spud Chips and the berth of the Consumer in merchandising and crossing Development. FRESHMR. food market Strategies International, 17 whitethorn 2013. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.

A Summary Of Utilitarianism Philosophy Essay

A analysis Of Utilitarianism Philosophy essay Utilitarianism, alike cognise as the side of meat common whiz doctrine prevail the Western institution during most of the nineteenth century. Utilitarianism is a prescriptive ethical system that places the seed of mightily and wrong only(prenominal) on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing genius action/ insurance policy over some other actions/policies, hence also sometimes referred to as the Consequentialism. The history of this possibility dates back to its aline pioneer Jeremy Bentham ( 1748-1832) who gave come out to a invigorated concept in hedonism The Social Hedonism which was kinda different from the sybaritic doctrines of Aristipppus and Epicurus who are considered to be the fathers of Hedonistic prepare of thought. Bentham the common-sense British psyche is largely held amenable for the shift from egoistical (individualistic) hedonism to the Universalistic( social ) hedonism. He declared in his book trigger to the patterns and morals and nominateon that all mankind is ruled by two rudimentary masters namely PAIN and joyfulness and that all gracious race is quick in the so-called rat-race of the pursuit of delectation and the disapproval of fuss.He also asserts that good can be equated with pleasance and evil with pain. here(predicate) comes in the epic question that How should amusements be graded as far as preference is come to? Whether one should go for short-term and intensive delights or long-term and mild pleasure take precedency over the former. He therefore came up with a detail outline of principles regarding the preferences of pleasures in his Hedonic infinitesimal calculus. gibe to Benthams calculus, he show the significance of seven circumstances in order to jog the value of every action, hence presented a criteria for the preference of pleasures influenced by following major(ip) factors Intensity of the pleasure or pain that results Dur ation of every of the two Certainity The stay that pleasant subject will be occurring. Promptness The intimacy of the pleasant event. fecundity Its ability to reproduce( antedate to) to a greater extent pleasure. sinlessness freedom from any present or future. Extent characterized by the pattern of mickle affected by the action seat Stuart molar(1806-1873) adjusted the more hedonistic tendencies in Benthams philosophy by stress that it is not infact the measuring rod of pleasure, but the bore of comfort that is rudimentary to utilitarianism. He move on argued that pleasure couldnt be quantified as stated by Bentham and can only be careful in impairment of quality only. Mill advocates his rationality of ideas in the following famed words It is make better to be a human existence dis well-to-do than a pig at ease better Socrates disstatisfied than a fool satisfied The implification of this advancement by Mill take to the woods to a stamp that the calculus is exuberant (there is a bill between high and lower pleasures). According to Mill, utilitarianism now refers to the greatest Happiness Principle GHP. it seeks to promote the strength of achieving happiness (higher pleasures) for the level best number of people. The apothegm holds as such Greatest happiness for the greater number Act and get hold Utilitarianism The principle of utility-grade can either either be applied to fussy ACTIONS or normal RULES. The former is called act-utilitarianism and the last mentioned is called rule-utilitarianism.

Ethics Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Reflection - Essay ExampleAt the body of work, the ethics are supposed to act as a guide as to how members of an organization lowlife relate to one another and the people they are serving (Barney, 2007). This story will review the roles ethics and social responsibility play in the workplace.As companies continue to grow, so does the need for skilled labour. The problem, however, becomes the need to change as the economic scene is also changing. This means that the standard of living is affected. People, therefore, require more money to satisfy their daily needs. In organizations that they aspire to work in, they inhalation of making it big and achieving their dreams (Shaw, 2010). However, the pressure brought on by life makes it effortfuler for them with each passing day. This is where ethics at the workplace come into play.In the event, people go to work for all the wrong reasons they are bound to be side tracked from their objectives. The goal would have been to make a n honest living through hard work. As seen in many scenarios, greed gets the better of many people and they end up doing something wrong (Shaw, 2010). At times, they end up going against the workplace conduct. Many believe that doing the right thing is a moral obligation. This is more than true. When people trust an organization with their money only to learn that they are cosmos robbed, it is never a good feeling. The people who have experienced this often lose faith in many honest organizations that are left.When thinking of stakeholders needs, it is really important that the planning be based on what the stakeholder demands. A strategic plan could help the smallest organization grow into something significantly huge (Weiss, 2008). Understanding what they want can be very tricky. However, with the right mind set, the perfect plan can be set in motion. The stakeholders need to be known first. This can be the first step in creating the strategic plan. When the audience has been i dentified, they can be approached with something that

Mary Mount Universitys Student Code of Conduct Essay

Mary Mount Universitys Student Code of Conduct - Essay ExampleThe division 4 of Mary Mounts community code of conduct contains the special provision in part b which is very disturbing it witchhunt on its perceived misbehave online. Students are cautioned that behavior conducted online, such as harassment or bullying via email, can event them to University conduct action. Students must also be aware that blogs, network page entries on sites such as MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter and other similar online postings are in the public sphere and are not private. These postings can subject a student to allegations of conduct violations if evidence of policy violations is posted online. The University does not regularly search for this information but may take action if and when such information is brought to the attention of University officials.This is a chilling provision because, in effect, students cannot post or write anything that school officials might not like. It covers blogs, web page entries on sites such as MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter and other similar online postings under the license of bullying and harassment which would be difficult to interpret. For example, if a student rants about his or her disappointments which are typical among college students, and it was reported to school administrator as harassment, the student will be in trouble as what the special provision on Section 4 states. In effect, this provision dictates its student to only write and post nice things which are a gross violation of the freedom of savoir-faire as guaranteed by the Constitution in the First Amendment.

The Effects of rewards on employee motivation Essay

The Effects of rewards on employee motivation - Essay ExampleAs researches at the resolve level have shown, however, these takes for out-of-door rank or status are not the only needs which the worker brings to his work situation.Research has besides shown the importance to the worker of the need to belong, to be liked, and to be an accepted member of a group. These member or internal rewards are thus highly prized by the worker (Reed 32). To become an accepted or high-ranking member of a work group, however, exacts its toll or cost bingle must abide by its regard ass and norms. But by abiding by its values and norms, the members needs for association, friendship, approval, and support are satisfied. His standing or rank in the eyes of his fop workers also goes up (Schuler 78). The components of the motivation function include motivation theories, appropriate job design, reward and incentive systems, compensation, and benefits (DeCenzo and Robbins 51).The terms external as appl ied to the model of needs or rewards refer primarily to the source, organizationally speaking, through which separate needs tend to be satisfied (Schuler 79). The external needs include the need for economic rewards such as pay and job security. Through these economic rewards, of course, the individual satisfies many physical and biological needs which are elementary in human survival and adaptation. The external needs also include the need for status and to be engaged in interesting work that is, to satisfy the need to do work that tests competence and expresses some creative ability in individuals. In modern industry most of the needs included in the external category are associated with the larger organization and the management union structure (Reed 33). Management generally decides what and how work is to be done. Armstrong and Murlis (2007) underlines that aim is to offer a value proposition and maximize the combined impact of a wide range of reward initiatives on motivatio n, commitment and job engagement (12). Through the process of collective bargaining, an organization-wide pay structure is established, setting the level of pay for various tasks. Similarly, other economic policies are established which determine the conditions of work which are external to the individual and the small group of which he is a part. At times, consequently, researchers call the external rewards reward by management (Reed 40 Lashaway-Bokina 225).Motivation is defined as a psychological force, analogous to a physical force in that it is a vector quantity possessing both magnitude and direction. Motivation is the amount of effort that one desires to expend in a given direction. The amount of effort one does expend to reach a goal is assumed, in the absence of the imposition of constraints on effort expenditure, to be in direct proportion to the amount of effort one desires to expend (Reed 40). Alternatively stated, and again neglecting constraints, the amount of eff

Micro Economic Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Micro Economic Theory - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that hence microeconomic theory is relevant in the case of unconditional screen technology. It illustrates how important it is to carefully assess the short term and long term production possibilities and how they will be impacted by the financial factors listed to a higher place which could cause changes in demand and supply. Such changes, not only in terms of short term demand and supply but also in terms of aggregate long term demand and supply will impact upon the level of profits that layabout be expected. While some factors can be easily anticipated and provision made for them, long term changes cannot be so easily anticipated. The law of diminishing returns also begins to apply in terms of the demand and supply of the product. This paper makes a conclusion that microeconomic theory is important in that it enables the establishment of a certain level of presbyopia in making economic decisions and helps to predict wit h a reasonable degree of accuracy how the factors of demand an supply are likely to impact upon profit maximisation of a product and this a company can plan its long term production output on this bases. For example, the production of flat screen technology instruments must take into account, the factor of entry of foreign imitators of the product, glut in production of the product due to other companies joining in what appears to be a financially lucrative product and the impact of such production gluts upon demand and supply of the product.

Write a policy brief for the following client ..national government Essay

Write a policy brief for the following lymph gland ..national government officials on whether the rise in anti-politics sen meternts should be of concern - Essay ExampleThe political class has continuously accrued benefits at the expense of the tribe they claim to represent. To eliminate the rise of anti-political sentiments, the nationalism sentiments must be promoted finished equitable distribution of resources. Self-serving politicians have caused the populace to develop a fortified dislike for politics. The low political interest and anti-political sentiments can be overcome through intentional steps understand the needs of ordinary people. Therefore, politicians should take time to discuss with their policies with the public even when they are occupying powerful positions. It is recommended that politicians make policies through consultative processes. Structured decision making processes ease tension and reduce anti-political sentiments.In many parts of the world, people ha ve been developing disenchantment from politics. The persistence in alienation has been increasing. According to Hansard -Audit of political involvement-, the start of the 21st century appraisal indicated the desire of the British people to have meaningful and significant improvement in the government and political systems. Over six out of ten Britons had piddling or no faith in the political systems. An increasing number of people have lost confidence on the political system. This has been clearly seen through the desire to have an overhaul of the electoral system. The focus has been to make a system that is inclusive and reflective of the needs and desires of the people. Political participation by citizens is a multidimensional issue. The rise of anti-political sentiments has been stirred by poor governance and insensitivity from the leadership. There is a dire need to develop policy that encourages inclusiveness and political honor (Hansard Society 2011, 17). There are calls to increase and develop the political capacity of the citizens and to establish new politics that respect with concerns of the

BEER GAME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BEER GAME - Essay ExampleFurthermore, during cold weather the essential declines drastically thereby increasing the cost of manufacturing the crossing. Businesses exist in self-sufficing cycles. When the demand for a return changes the prices of other complimentary products close to of which are useful in the manufacturing process changes as well thereby compounding the challenges lining a business, the provision of bottled water for example uses much(prenominal) products and services as plastic bottles, branding and transportation among others. The nature of the product makes it susceptible to climatic conditions since they go the demand thus compounding some of the supply challenges (SILK, 2006). The transportation cost for the bottled water is likely to increase during warm water as the demand for the product increases regionally. This implies that demand increases even to the transporters a feature of the business that is likely to increase the cost of conducting business thereby increasing the price of the product. Demand for bottled water increases during surplus occasion such as fetch up year parties, graduations and sports among others. The demand for the product stays either constant or declines in the absence of such sociable gathering. The impromptu arrangement of some of the social functions makes it challenging the supplier to increase the quantity of the product during manufacture and to organize for their transportation to the university in time. Additionally, some of such occasions last a day and attracts undetermined quantity of people. Such occasions as graduations and sports attract many people while some occasions such as seminars and class parties may not attract as much people. The periodic nature of the demand coupled with the unreliable size of the demand makes both manufacturing and transportation to the university more challenging (PRASCH, 2008). It is more challenging to change the quantity of the product for a day and orga nizing for their transportation to the market. The sudden organization of some of the events makes it more difficult for the business to set up the necessary infrastructure to manufacture an increased volume and transport them to the market in time. The problem increases since the beau monde must find market for the excessive market should it increase its production yet the demand fails to meet the quantity of the supply. Such excessive production results in losses for the business (FISHER, 2007). Graduation gowns Graduation gowns on the other hand have a more determined market. The products are essential to the students at the end of every academic year as the students adorn them in their graduation ceremonies. This implies that the supplier has a specified amount of time of both manufacture and supply to the university, additionally the supplier operates closely with the institution. The supplier of graduation gowns therefore has a determined market. However, the business just as any other faces numerous challenges most of which arise from the nature of the demand (BURROW & BOSILJEVAC, 2009). The products are for example relevant only during graduations. This implies that the supplier remains out of business during the rest of the academic days. The demand for the product stays minimal during the rest of the days but rises abruptly during the graduation day. While the supplier

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Report - Essay Examplefindings of leading Canadian organization like black Angus Reid Strategies poll, the total number of people supporting legalization of cannabis usage in Canada is much higher than the people who are opposing it. The research, which was mainly conduced among the Canadian adults, especially in the region of British Columbia, has found that, 65% favored legalizing marihuana as a means of reducing gang violence, while altogether 35% favored increasing marijuana trafficking penalties. (Canada Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds, 5th August, 2009) Gang violence and other forms of criminal activisms are study concerns both for Canadian administration as well as for common people. Due to this reason some people are of opinion that legalization of marijuana will reduce the youths from indulging into this kind of antisocial activities. On the other hand, others are of opinion that implementation of proper penalties is th e only solution to solve this problem. legalization of marijuana will only worsen the whole situation.This article by Peter BeckI has also been written in support of marijuana legalization in Canada. Unlike Ian Welsh, the author has not gone into balancing his arguments between economic and socio-moral perspective. It seems that his entire interest lies in the fact that how Canada can become a to a greater extent economically prosperous nation. As he has found that legalization of Cannabis will help Canadian economy substantially, he accordingly has come up with his logically correct arguments.Canada Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds. (2009). Drug War Chronicle, Issue 584. Retrieved on October 18, 2009, from http//stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/584/british_columbia_marijuana_legalization_poll.This article provides us with quite youthful and authentic information about recent Canadian condition on legalization of marijuana. We not only recei ve adequate information about reply of

The develoment of Arab Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The develoment of Arab Nationalism - Essay ExampleArab nationalism called for a political and cultural rejuvenation of the Arab world, an anxious celebration of the Arab civilization and the Arab literature and language, and called for a political unification of the Arab world (Dawisha, 2005). The premise that encouraged the Arab nationalism was the firm belief that the Arab people tended to share a common linguistic heritage, cultural values, historical past and religious belief system (Dawisha, 2005). Genesis of Arab Nationalism In that context it is imperative to unravel the coevals of Arab nationalism. Since the 16th century the Ottoman Empire exercised a formal sovereignty over the Arab lands (McCarthy, 2006). For quiet a time the Ottoman Empire tended to be awake in its approach towards the Arab tribes, choosing to garrison the key ports and cities, exercising little influence in the local Arab politics and tribal affairs (McCarthy, 2006). The Arab residents of Syria, Mesopo tamia (Iraq) and heaven appreciated this organization and actually started dominating the local Ottoman face (McCarthy, 2006). However, as in 1914 the Ottoman Empire entered the I being War, it no more afforded to take the Arab obedience for granted. It was first owing to the rise of a nascent Arab nationalism that drew inspiration from the Western ideas (McCarthy, 2006). Many Arabs started to appreciate the nationalist Slavic movements of the Balkans, most of which managed to true(p) independence from the Ottoman Empire (McCarthy, 2006). The other factor was the rising clout of the educated Arab elites, which included former or serving officers affiliated to the Ottoman administration and army, Arab civil servants and intellectuals (McCarthy, 2006). The completion of Hejaz railway in 1908 was the other bone of contention for the Arabs who believed that it tightened the Ottoman stranglehold on them (McCarthy, 2006). This particularly enervated the Hashemite clan that claimed de scent from the prophesier and was led by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali in 1914 (McCarthy, 2006). The disgruntled Arab tribes of the interior resented the stringent approach of the Ottomans and gradually started to enter arrangements with the British, to initiate a revolt against the Ottomans (McCarthy, 2006). This revolt was merely incited by the nationalist al-Fatat movement in Syria (McCarthy, 2006). In the post World War I period, the establishment of the French and the British mandate saw alter Arab uprisings like the uprisings in Iraq and Syria (Jankowski, 2002). Besides the relative independence of North Yemen, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Iraq incited the Arab nationalists in the neighbouring regions to overthrow the imminent Western colonial powers (Jankowski, 2002). The ensuing anti-Zionist uprisings in Palestine and anti-colonial activities in Syria further encouraged the nationalist movements in Iraq and Egypt, which gave way to the modern Arab nationalism that led to the independ ence of varied Arab nations in the period following the World War II (Jankowski, 2002). The Role Played by Intelligentsia There is no denying the fact that Arab intellectuals do played a pivotal role in the genesis, encouragement and dissemination of Arab nationalism. Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi was a prominent Syrian intellectual

Minimising the emission of CO2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minimising the emission of CO2 - Essay ExampleAt different times, the cooling load of the deftness may be served by the chiller directly, by the cooling storage unit, or by both. All forms of thermal storage involve losses, and they require additional energy for the operation of the system. The key issue is reducing the electric consumption. It accepts the utility to generate more of its electricity with its most efficient generators. It may also allow the utility to generate electricity with fuels that are less scarce or less critical. Cooling storage will undoubtedly become more successful, both technically and economically, as experience accumulates.The additional vex loss depends on the thermal resistance of the bulge out, the discharge temperature of the fan-coil unit, and the amount of surface area that is affected. If the fan coils were to be fitted under a window, the window designs can make the difference and save energy from escaping out. Wall is reasonably thick and t he windows are installed flush with the outside surface of the wall, this leaves a space for installing curtains or other window treatments next to the window, without extending out over fan coil units.To eliminate draught and wasted heat use an easy-to-fix brush or PVC seal on your exterior doors. Make sure your windows are draught proofed. Turning thermostat down by 1C will cut your bill by 10%.

Securing the US Border Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Securing the US Border - Term Paper ExampleA lot of other technological measures were withal taken to enhance border security. On September 11, 2001, two towers fell, but a nation of millions rose as one. The aftermath of the terrorist attacks was massive. It defied the whole foundation of US border security. People were left feeling unsafe in their own homes. The terrorist attacks cut a huge swath across the US policy landscape, ranging from study military and foreign policy actions to the biggest reorganization of the federal government since shortly after the end of World War II. Since the hijackers entered the country through legally issued visas, in-migration was automatically linked with terrorism and border security. As a result, the structures of the federal immigration bureaucracy and immigration policies at the borders and within the US interior form been dramatically reshaped, along with other border security measures and economic policies. 9/11 was an attack on the dem ocracy and the open economy of the US. US and Canada get by a border that stretches across 8,893 kilometers of land and three oceans, and the US and Mexico share a border that is extended for 3141 km(Universalium,2010). It is the general consensus of the American population that the Mexican-US border involve to be more secure as to stop the smuggling of drugs and illegal immigrants but Senator Lieberman, in a report emphasized that the Canadian border should be more secure as there are more extremist Islamist families living in Canada. Border patrolling dates back to as early as 1904, when mount watchmen patrolled the border to prevent illegal Chinese immigrants. Now, border security is just not limited to patrolling watchmen, but also includes biometric scans, lasers, virtual fence, cameras, motion detectors, and sensors.

My hero in life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

My hero in life - Essay Examplek up to and it is she who has taught me and my siblings that nothing is impossible in life if sensation is commit enough and is willing to work really hard to get what one wants in life. It is my mother who taught to us the value of hard work and dedication in life. I am proud to say that my mother instilled in me and my brothers and sisters some important values and ethics that act as a guiding sense experience in our lives, whenever we feel that we are in the need of some direction and motivation. I consider myself indeed very lucky ad privileged to remark that I got a mother of that stature and character.My mothers name is Amena and she is 49 years old. My grandparents did tell me that right from her childhood she was an exceptional child who was constantly fond of learning new things. In a social context, my mother also happened to be a really bonding soul who liked interacting with concourse and making new friends. She strongly believed that one should work hard and must do ones best to serve the community in which one is born. She was very much admired by her friends and relatives who considered her to be an intelligent and loving person and took her to be an admirable personality. My mother was born and raised in Saudi Arabia in Al Taif. As per my grandparents she happened to be a very devoted, obedient and sincere child who was fond of studies and learning. She happened to be a really sweet person who took great pains to serve her parents and siblings. She was deeply admired by everybody in the family right from the time she was a small child. As per my grandmother, my mother had a passionateness for learning new things and she wanted to be somebody in life. At the same time it was her firm faith that one should not be self-serving in ones pursuits. One should also work hard to give back to the community in which one is born. In other address she happened to be a very social person who believed in contributing t o the community and the society into which she was born.As per

Cyber Crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cyber Crimes - Research Paper ExampleOther than these crimes, there is also a breach of privacy in which a persons secret information becomes compromised, which in legal parameters is unlawful. A majority of those found to engage in cyber crimes is normally between the age of fifteen and twenty-fivein which they find themselves serving sequence at correctional facilities when found guilty of the offense. Cyber crimes have both planetary and local engagements in which a government whitethorn choose to do so through spying on other governments or by non-state actors who may use these avenues to conduct financial theft (Girard 399). In essence, cyber crimes may also be an inter border in which the efforts to apprehend those involved in this economic crippling activity may spread across international boundaries hence neat cyber warfare. With this, this essay will delve into cyber crimes and the laws that are in personifyence surrounding cyber crimes. The emphasis will also be on vari ous cyber crimes that have gained international recognition across nations that have a direct correlation to business organizations. Description of Cyber crimes Ideally, cyber crimes have attracted immense costs to institutions and individuals alike in recent time making it to be of the most expensive crimes to exist for the current generation. On the contrary, cyber crimes is a term that serves as an umbrella to a wider range of activities that may allow those that target computers and those that target computer networks and devices (Brenner 39). Principally, cyber crimes that target computer devices or their networks involve viruses, malicious software (Malware) while those that may originate from computer devices or networks include fraud, information warfare, and identity theft among a list of other documented crimes (Turrini & Ghosh 51). On the contrary, the Department of Justice in the USA recognizes computer crime to exist in a category of three in which a computer may b e the prime target for cybercrime or as a mother fucker for conducting the offense. Thirdly, a computer or its network may be applicable in executing the crime as a tool for storing stolen information making it an accessory to these crimes. According to research, those that conduct cyber crimes who happen to be teenagers do not have to have manyskills in order to do this because the tools used in hacking into computer systems are readily available on the internet. Most of these crimes begin as pranks in which these youngsters may view the shutting down of websites as a mockery without having the knowledge that these activities are illegal. Other than being hackers, multitude and children that fall within the 15-24 age brackets also find themselves engaging with crooks online who give out information to them close to the ways of shutting down the online operations of certain companies. Therefore, those that commit cyber crimes may either download the software that are essential i n committing these crimes or may acquire links to sites that may offer them pointers on how to commit the crimes effectively. On the other hand, some sections of the media have also praised cyber crimes portraying computer criminals as people that can liberate society from oppression similar to the legendary story of Robin Hood. According to the Interpol, cyber crimes have been on an increasing trend in recent years as compared to other intellectual crimes across the globe. With the increase in internet speed options, anonymity

The Gods of Ancient Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Gods of ancient Greece - Essay ExampleFor the Greeks their gods were immortal, omnipresent and adorable. They could control all mortals at every stage of their lives, prescribing their fate and their relationships. Zeus According to the belief of the quaint Greeks, Zeus was the king of all gods. He got this position afterward fighting with his father, Kronos who killed his youngsterren by swallowing him because he fe bed that they might kill him when they grow up. However, he was tricked by his wife and Zeus was saved from death. Zeus saved his two sisters and three brothers also from the wicked father (Hansen, 2004). Zeus and his brothers - Poseidon and Hades - decided to rule the world after dividing it amongst themselves. Zeus took charge of all the heavens while Poseidon was responsible for the sea. Hades took over the underworld. The three brothers were quite happy with their choice. Zeus wife, Hera, was very jealous because her conserve had a number of girlfriends and a whole bunch of children. Zeus loved his children and all of them had super powers. The most powerful god was Zeus. He could throw his join and sound like anybody and change the shape of his body. He could even take the form of an animal. Zeus could throw lightning bolts which were carried by his horse, Pegasus. Zeus was short tempered though his sense of humor was very good. Nothing could scare Zeus but his wife Hera. Zeus symbols were the thunderbolt, eagle and oak. Every four years Greeks hold an surpassing Games festival which is dedicated to Zeus and men from all over Greek world participate in the competitions. Hera Hera was the sister and wife of the king of gods, Zeus, and the queen of gods. She was the goddess of motherliness and marriage and their main purpose was to protect women, although usually liked to persecute and punish the many mistresses of her husband and children resulting from these courtships outside of their marriage. She was known as Juno in Ancient Rome . Her parents were Rhea and Cronus (Littleton, 2005). Peacock and cow were sacred to Hera. She was portrayed as a royal and sincere goddess and was often crowned with polos which were worn by several long Goddesses. Hera was extremely jealous of the women her husband was involved with. When Zeus fell in love with a lady, Alkemene, Hera did not like it. The lady bore Zeus child Hercules who Hera many times attempted to kill. She kept two snakes in Hercules cot but he was able to save himself with his superhuman strength. Hera was known for her jealous and vindictive nature against the ladies who were involved with Zeus and their children. She was also offended when she was not chosen as the most beautiful goddess. Samos is believed to be Heras birth place. Polos and scepter are the symbols of Hera. Athena Athena was Zeus daughter and was born without a mother. Myths say that she was born directly out of Zeus brain, holding a spear and justification and wearing a helmet. Athena was her fathers favorite child. She began as a fully armed goddess of war and then became the patron goddess of Athens and a symbol of wisdom. Athena was a very powerful goddess and was one of the 12 deities who had a seat on Mount Olympus. Athena was the one who invented the bridle, chariot and the reinforced the first ship. Athena was worshipped by the Greeks all over the world and was called as Athena Polias which means Athena of the city

The beginning of my junior year in high school Essay Example for Free

The beginning of my junior year in high school EssayIt was the beginning of my junior year in high school. I was just becoming accustomed to Knoxville, which I have called my advanced home since moving from Orlando, Florida my sophomore year in high school. I had been making friends and adjusting myself to this new environment, and now it finally felt like home. As I was settling in., I realized some topic I didnt know exactly whom I was or what I wanted to accomplish in life. I had my most important year of high school dawning upon me and no time to spare. In run to discover what i was interested in, I joined the National Honor Society at my school. I felt it was an appropriate way to contribute back end to my community as well as explore new hobbies and meet long people along the way.During late September, I saw a great opportunity unferstwhile(a)ing before my eyes. A local barbeque restaurant called Buddys Bar-B-Q was hosting a fundraising cancer awareness race around the Worlds blank Park in downtown Knoxville. My father being a cancer doctor, this could not be turned down. When I arrived at the event, I saw an old man sitting alone on a bench, so I trenchant to join him.He saw my volunteer shirt and thanked me graciously. His name was Jim and he described how he recently lost his wife to breast cancer, and had no children or close relatives to help ease the situation. He asked why I decided to volunteer for this race, and I explained my journey through school and how my father happened to be a cancer doctor. Before the race started, Jim pulled me aside and told me to remember one thing in life, No matter how bad you feel rejected and alone in life, there is always someone who can helpFrom that day on I did not think about Jim being an old wise man just shedding advice to somebody young, yet I saw him as a man who even though suffered the worst, still managed to live out all his life to the fullest. I realized that there is no way to lay out out the rest of my life life is full of opportunities that have to be seized and experience can be taken from them. The University of Florida demonstrates a gateway to a solid ground full of diversity and opportunity that I will successfully be able to grasp and take away great things from.

The Odyssey in Comparison With “My Father on His Shield” Essay Example for Free

The Odyssey in Comparison With My Father on His Shield Es theorize often in literature, writers unintentionally create works that tie very well with one another. Two works that connect well are The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Robert Fizgerald, and My Father on His Shield, by Walt McDonald. While McDonalds poem underscores the woodland of mourning and sorrow by the main character, Homers work elucidates the tone of animosity and hurt.As previously stated, the tone of McDonalds poem, My Father on His Shield is one of mourning and grief. The speaker of the poem is grieving his father who he lost to battle and experiences struggles in coping with it all. McDonalds details about the sled mentioned in the poem reflect the closeness that was once there betwixt the speaker and his father, in addition to the level of importance the speakers father had in his life. The use of diction by McDonald also emphasizes the speakers mourning, often accompanied by nostalgia, by implicating th e repetition of the words I remember throughout the poem.This constant remembrance expresses the speakers difficulty feeler to terms with his fathers death. In contrast with McDonalds poem, Homers work, The Odyssey, exhibits a tone filled more with animosity and heartache sooner than the previous, more somber and mournful feel. The main character, thus far, is named Telemakhos. The characters father has been gone for m either years without returning or sending any messages, causing the boy and his mother to wonder whether he has died, or if he is gone because he does not wish to return. By the use of detail, readers are able to find out that as a result of his fathers extended absence, a number of suitors have begun to take free reign over their home and all of their property, seeking to marry the possible widow. Homer uses diction in order to indicate the Telemoakhos animosity towards his fatherFriend, let me put it in the plainest way. My mother says I am his son I know notsur ely.Who has known his own engendering? I wish at least I had some apt man as afather,growing old in his own house unknown death and silence are the fate of him that, sinceyou ask, they call my father. (Homer 8) Telemakhos is saying that although his mother and everyone say Odysseus is his father, he does not feel that way because he lacks any memory of him. He wishes he could have his father in his life, and is bothered by the event he hasnt the slightest bit of knowledge in regards to the whereabouts of his father.Telemakhos and the speaker in the poem by McDonald share similar experiences. They both are dealing with the absence of their fathers who both partook in the military. However, the speaker in the poem actually knows for a fact his father has died, which may be why he copes with the lack of a father better than Telemakhos, solely because he does not need to question whether or not his father isnt in his life due to curve carelessness. Because Telemakhos hasnt the faint est idea of his fathers whereabouts, he is in search for closure, not only for himself, but for his mother and property being destroyed by the savage suitors. Their circumstances are what control the tone in their dialog, allowing the reader to feel the same things the speakers are feeling.

Project Management Institute Essay Example for Free

Project Management Institute EssayThe main designer of the Project Management Institute is to make the shed management indispensable for the generation of the ultimate business results. PMI functions in over 170 countries having members more than 265000 at their advantage, thus making it as a leading membership association for the profession of project management.It is one among the best not-for-profit and non-political organization which conducts programs with the governments, industries and organizations to deliver the best project management programs with the best results. PMI education foundation speaks on the knowlmargin gaining and portraying the skills and the art for educational and social welfare. PMI also promotes research and providing avenues for building up riches of information and also indulging in offering certification, networking and activities involving the community at large, thus managing to attain its global presence and global certification in their ove rlord profession. Scope of its Membership Becoming a member of the PMI institute gives an opportunity for the members to get themselves certified as a professional imparting and demonstrating the skills required thereby helping themselves in standing out in the crowd.To become a member PMI has varied plans suiting the different segments based on their needs where in there are plans for an individual for those willing to learn and update the best practices in businesses, student those having degree program at a recognized institute, retiree having retired from active employment and has a good reputation for 5 consecutive years and those interested in renewing their memberships (renewal).The various benefits which the memberships provide include the massive knowledge sharing and information search happening in generating the opportunities for themselves and the institute. It gives immense openings for capturing on the capability of acquiring them networked through the different P MI communities there by get nurtured with respect to the leadership qualities and being an active participants as volunteers in the various communities, certification programs, research programs, standard programs etc.The members also have scope of getting accessed to the knowledge resources of PMI known as the Project Management Body of Knowledge and also their career frameworks. Along with this opportunity which the members can acquire, they also have an edge over non-members in terms of getting access to the various publications, journals, e-links, virtual library, eReads and References which are set by PMI.The reason one should join PMI is to allow them to be build relationships, improvise on once skills, gain the latest and the first hand information and learn some of the best known practices. Memberships in PMI shell certain features and characteristics to the peers which indicate their enthusiasm in quality, productivity and return on investments, their seriousness about th eir own individual development and their own profession and last their commitment to the ethical business practices shown by the institute.The services which PMI provides to its members With respect to the career development provided to the members of PMI, the association helps in availing the Certification and the Credentials, providing an extensive job search database which is availed by Career Headquarters at PMI, Making themselves groomed by undertaking various Training and Events happening by seminar worlds, to e-learning initiatives and providing the ultimate solution to the best practices and opportunities in the field of learning and in turn meeting up to the schedules, goals and the interests of the induction.PMI also guides the members in customer services, flexibility in changing and viewing orders, information on payment, pricing and promotions opportunities, shipping and handling assistance, privacy and security all under one umbrella known best for its marketplace. PMI has a strong Business Solutions ideal which keeps the members get going by the challenges they have in career framework, Business and Government solutions on a global front to build up the institution on a worldwide basis and providing Organizational maturity in terms of managing the projects, programs and portfolios to generate and plan for its growth.This PMI provides project management implementation and consultancy services to their members and customers by providing added benefits in terms of the latest releases, news archives, articles of interests etc. The five major groups which PMI builds upon its profession are Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling and closing phases and the various knowledge areas which they send for to are integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk management and procurement.

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure

Causes and Effects of marrow FailureElizabeth Makouta K.Assessment 2 Definition of heart Failure This is usually a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the flavor by coronary atherosclerosis intend the coronary vessels is build up with roly-poly clogging (Marieb 2012 p369)The organic structure frames affected are Kidney, Heart, Lungs, and Digestive System.Kidneys constituent is to eliminate nitrogen containing e wastes, toxins, and drug from the dust. Kidney also produce an enzyme renin which help inflect declination pressure, and their hormone erythropoietin which stimulate red declivity cell production in bone marrow (Marieb 2012 p. 512)Hearts function Is a unchewable organ that sums blood to all the tissues in the body through blood vessels, weight less than a pound with the size of a persons fist and a shape like cone-shaped (p 357).The right side pumps blood through the lungs where oxygen is picks up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. The left side of the fondness receives blood containing oxygen and pump it to the rest of the body (Marieb 2012 p 360).Lungs Function Human body contain two lungs. Lungs are large organs that pertain thoracic cavity except the heart in the central area. The left lung has two robes and the right lung has three robes (Marieb 2012 p.441). The lungs bring in oxygen to the body which is the bloodline that we breathed for energy and remove carbon dioxide from the body which is the gas that comes out as waste products (American thoracic Society 2014). .Digestive System Digestive system starts from the mouth and ends up in the anus. The function of digestive system is to break down foods in to a simplest form for the absorption of the body as victual for cells and energy for the body usage (Marieb 2012 p.464).Signs and SymptomsShortness of breath (dyspnoea)Fatigue and weakness projection (oedema) in your legs, ankles and feetRapid or irregular heartbeatReduced major power to practice sessionPersistent c ough or wheezing(nocturia) increased need to take a leak at nightHeart Pumps FasterSwelling of your abdomen (ascites) choppy weight gainLack of appetite and nauseaDifficulty concentrating or decreased alertnessHeart Grows LargerElevated blood pressure dressing table pain, if your heart failure is caused by a heart attack (mayonnaise Clinic 2014)Shortness of Breath meaning there is not enough air getting into the body system why because of lack of oxygen as the heart is not able to pump enough blood (Mayo Clinic 2014Fatigue and weakness As the heart failed or become weak other parts of the body are affected including legs and arms making difficult do walk or jump the stairs because there is not sufficient blood getting to the legs and arms (University of California San Francisco 2014)Swelling For kidney to function very well it needs its normal blood supply. Renin restores normal blood pressure and increase filtration of water and salt for filtration process to be normal (Marieb 20 12 p. 512). But when blood flow to the kidney is limited then renin provide also retain salt and water which will leads to fluid build-up in the body (feet, ankles and legs), (University of California San Francisco 2014)Rapid or irregular heartbeat meaning firm or abnormal heartbeat. This happen because blood supply is insufficient, therefore, the heart will work harder to meet the body requirement (University of California San Francisco 2014)Reduced great power to exercise Because the body feels tired especially the legs and arms as a result of less blood supply to these areas which mean oxygen level in the body is low, you will be less likely to complete the daily activates normally (University of California San Francisco 2014)Persistent cough or wheezing Is a noisy leaden particularly when you breathe in air and out of the lungs (inhalation and exhalation) as a result of fluid build-up in the lugs (Dr. James Krider 2005).Nocturia Is increased need to urinate at night, as a re sult of infection of the bladder, kidney or diabetes. In the case of Mr Alby Wright, he is type two diabetes meaning bladders ability to hold urine has decrease which leads to more urination at night (Better Medicine 20140)Heart Pumps Faster Our body needs blood to function very. collect to this, the heart will work harder than normal to circulate blood throughout the body in other to meet the body requirement (University of California San Francisco 2014)Swelling of your abdomen Swelling of the abdomen occurs as a result of the fluid build-up in the lungs and organs. Due to the weakness of the heart which means the heart is unable to pump blood very well (Sterns 20140).Sudden weight gain Swelling or puffiness of the skin will make it shade stretched and shiny as a result of unwanted fluid in the tissues and organs (Sterns 20140).Lack of appetite and nausea When you dont have the desire to eat food as a result of the liver and digestive system become blocked because there is less b lood supply to these organs you will right (University of California San Francisco 2014)Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness meaning you may start to forget things or confuse because of less circulation to the brain. Without enough blood, the brain cannot function well (British Columbia 2012)Heart Grows Larger The muscles of the heart become more and more lager due to the force in order to pump blood. The intravenous feeding chambers of the heart also enlarge to be able to hold large volume of blood (University of California San Francisco 2014).Elevated blood pressure Is the meaning or word use to describe hypertension thus the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body. This happened as the result of cardiac involution or heart failure (Tabbners 5e p 273)Chest Pain Meaning the heart is deprives from getting enough blood. This occurs due to blockage or compress coronary blood vessel (Tabbners 5e p 669)Information taking on his admissionPulse 124SaO2 87% on room air breathing 32Blood Pressure 90/40(Q5) Yes There is too much glucose (sugar) in his blood which is not getting into the cells of the body. Diabetes lead to nerve ruin and poor circulation, looking at his admission form his blood pressure is low, oxygen saturation is also low as a result of bronchial asthma and hypotensive and congestive cardiac failure which means blood is not circulating well through the body system. This indication of slow wound meliorate to extend where his toe was amputated.(Q6) What is the action of laxis This drug is (Diuretic) use to treat acute pulmonary oedema (Kluwer, Williams Wilkins 2008, p. 647)Which body system is affected? Kidney because the medicine draws water from the blood as urine. Also affect the heart as the fluid is draw out of the blood the pressure also decreases (Netdoctor 2013)Why he is taking this practice of medicine To clear excessive accumulation of fluid in his body and help he urinates.Three conditionsGlaucomaArthritisT ype 2 DiabetesQuestion 8 Factors that will tinct on Mr Wrights safetyHospital allergy, glaucoma risk for fall, leg ulceration for risk infection,Home Diabetes careful for blood glucose level, low blood pressure, Leg ulcer risk for infection, confusion forget to take his medication, frail skin easy to get skin tear and mobility is not good because he is walking with stick, rational stage he could wounder around and forget where he is.Question 9 Other health professional Podiatrist will be able to look at his amputated toes to provide him with best treatment including his arthritis.Dieticians will provide information to Mr Wrights regarding nutrition on what is good and what is bad for his health.Mental health professional will help provide support for Mr Wright to reduce his level of anxiety.Diabetes Educator To educate him on diabetes and how well he should eat.Physiologist Will help him with exercise design to treat any pain that he might have including arthritis, and difficul ty walking (Better Health Channel 2014)Question 10Neurovascular AssessmentMedication mapDiabetes AssessmentFluid Balance ChartBowel ChartCare PlanSkin AssessmentWound Care PlanePatient localisation ChartDressing Regime (Wound) (TAFE SA Flow Charts Book)ReferencesFunnel, Koutoukidis and Lawrence, Tabbner Nursing care 5th edn, Function of the Kidney, MelbourneFunnel, Koutoukidis and Lawrence, Tabbner Nursing care 5th edn, Definition of Heart Failure, MelbourneAmerican Thoracic Society 2014, Anatomy and Function of the Normal Lungs, viewed 15 March 2014 http//www.thoracic.org/clinical/copd-guidelines/for-patients/anatomy-and-function-of-the-normal-lung.phpMayo Clinic 2014, Diseases and Condition of Heart Failure, viewed 15 March 2014, http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/basics/definition/con-20029801Mayo clinic 2014, Shortness of Breath, viewed 16 March 2014, http//www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/SYM-20050890UCSF Medical Centre 2014, Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms, viewed 16 March 2024, http//www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/heart_failure/signs_and_symptoms.htmlDr. James Krider, Wheezing, viewed 16 Mach 2014, http//www.formulamedical.com/Topics/Symptoms/Wheezing.htmHealth Grades 2014, Nocturia Causes, viewed 16 March 2014, http//www.localhealth.com/article/nocturia/causesRichard H Sterns 2014, Patient information Edema (swelling) beyond the basics, viewed 16 March 2014, http//www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-swelling-beyond-the-basicsBritish Columbia 2012, Heart Failure Less Common Symptoms, viewed 17 March 2014, http//www.healthlinkbc.ca/kb/content/special/tx4083abc.htmlFunnel, Koutoukidis and Lawrence, Tabbner Nursing care 5th edn, Chest pain, MelbourneKluwer, LW Wilkins 2008, Nursing and Midwifery drug handbook, Diuretic 4th ednNetdoctor 2013, Laxis, viewed 17 March 2014, http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/heart-and-blood/medicines/lasix.htmlBetter Health Channel 2014, Physiotherapist, viewed 17 March 2014, htt p//www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Physiotherapy

Immortality Of The Soul In Phaedo Philosophy Essay

Immortality Of The Soul In Phaedo Philosophy EssayPhaedo is one of the dialogues that were created by plato, the phaedo tried to name the oddment of Soc grade who was a great philosopher. It was the last dialogue of the seven that he wrote in the middle period of Socrates final days the others included Theaetetus, Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Statesman and Sophist. Plato was a pupil of Socrates, after the expiry of Socrates he went on to rebuild his dialogues, these dialogues recounted the beliefs Socrates had in regards to infiniteity of the intellect. Phaedo, Apology, Euthyphro and Crito are kn sustain as tetralogy as they deal with the trial and eventual death of Socrates. Phaedo, of the tetralogy is the longest and alike considered the richest dialogue and is to a fault important philosophically.The Phaedo took place in the morning that Socrates was to die and primarily deals with the immortality of the soul. Phaedo began the story with Echecrates a Pythagorean as he asks Pha edo to tell him what he knows of the death of Socrates. Phaedo is willing to give the story of how Socrates decided to take hemlock poison. Socrates was in prison for not believing in the Athenian gods and was also accused of corrupting the youth of the city of Athens. Socrates was sentenced to death by the political leader of the city of Athens. Phaedo of Elis was present when Socrates was to die. Socrates explored of the various theories of immortality of the soul and tries to show that in that location is life after death in which the soul will live after death. In the dialogue is also narrated by Cebes and Simmias. They had all come to do Socrates to escape prison.In the dialogue Socrates, puts antecedent four theories of the immortality of the soul. Among the four, the first three though they convince someone, they are insubstantial. The three are valuable to the readers and they are also reffered to affinity, cyclical and re-collective form of origins. The fourth argument is well accepted and is considered to be well made argument and logically sound.The four arguments that are put forward are the opposite argument or the cyclical argument, this theory tries to explain that the forms we have are eternal and toilettenot change and the soul can never occur and it always brings life. The physical structure is believed to be mortal and has to undergo the physical death but the soul is not destroyed in the process. Plato tries to make clear of the argument by comparing cold and fire.The second argument is also known as the theory of recollection, this theory tries to explain that human posses some know directge that is non observational example of this knowledge is the knowledge at alliance. This is used to show or imply that maybe at one time that the soul existed before birth for it to have that knowledge.The third theory is also known as the affinity argument, this theory tries to explain that what is immortal and invincible things are very differ ent from what is microscopical and mortal. Our soul is immortal and our body is mortal and therefore when our bodies die, our soul will still continue to live.The fourth argument of the Phaedo is the argument from the form of life and it explains that, what is immortal and incorporeal is arrive atd by the things of the world and all that participate in the forms. Beauty participates in the form of beauty, the soul participates in the forms of life and thus the soul can never die. Socrates proved the immortality of the soul by arguing that the cause of the life which is the soul can never die as the life comes from it. He argues that the luck of a dead soul is imposible and thus the soul can be considered to be immortal.The immortality of the soul is a valid argument but it can be questioned as it is based upon a premise that has not been shown to be true. Socrates believes that after he dies he will be treated blessedly by the gods and he will be able to converse with other men wh o had died. Socrates tried to explain of what the hereafter will be like. Thus the question is the connection of the afterlife and the lifetime soul after the death of the mortal body.Socrates before he died believed that he will not be distracted by the death of the body. He believed that the body was a carrier of the soul ass the soul cannot live on its own and need the body while in the populace for it to survive. Socrates believed that he had to live a full live and he had to hope for death. He believed for a life well lived, death was ideal and important as in death the soul maybe has a probability of gaining true knowledge.Socrates believed that man should never commit suicide. He believed that man should never kill himself since he has no ownership of himself. He believed that men were a position of the gods Socrates said, I too believe that the gods are our guardians, and that we men are a chattel of theirs (Phaedo, 62b). Cebes was in concordance with Socrates on this a rgument. They believed that a man who kills himself or destroy something will be penalize. Therefore if man tries to kill himself he will be killed by the gods who own him. Therefore man should be ready for death since the mortal body will one die, and should never act in a way to drive death. Socrates said that for quite some time he had been waiting for body death and it is not okay for onr to bring on to himself an earlier death.In the arguments, the body and that soul are held as two separate entities that can be separated and this separation is achieved through death. Also in one being warned against destroying the property of gods else the gods will seek for retribution and will surely punish the offender thus he believes the afterlife reward will be based on the acts one committed before he died. Before he died Socrates believed he had to fulfill certain things which were an obligation to the gods. He believed that certain things had to be dealt with so as to help him in t he movement from the life to afterlife. To do this he decided to compose music and he later reminded Crito that he had to sacrifice a pricking to Asclepius who was the god in charge of medicine and also the healing. Socrates had a belief that even though the soul was immortal, one had an obligation of performing certain actions and living his life in the world in a certain manner. He believed the actions one did and the entire acts one committed while living in the earth contributed to how the gods will treat him after death whether favorably or unfavorably. Therefore even though mans soul is immortal it can still be punished by the gods after its separation from the body.Socrates believed death to be a state where the body is separated from the soul and the soul becomes separate from the body he also defines death to be the complete dissolution of the sole. The others in the dialogue believed that the death is the complete annihilation of the soul, they fear that when she (the sou l) has left the body her place may be nowhere, and that on the very day of death she may perish and come to an end immediately on her release from the bodydispersing and vanishing away into nothingness in her flight. (Phaedo, 70)Soc rates believed that people should people should have very little with all that is bodily, therefore humans should pay little attention in making the body intelligent and comfortable. He believes that we should be independent of the body since it is only then that various(prenominal)s will be able to achieve a true state of understanding. The state of being independent of the body, Socrates believed is death and therefore individuals will be well prepared for it when it occurs if they have been independent of the body all through. Thus when death comes the individuals will be more than willing to welcome it. He believed that the body presented to individuals a lot of distractions because of what it demands or necessities of taking care of it. He believe d that if illness strikes the human body, they stop an individual from pursuing truth. The body also causes us to have emotions such as fear, love, desire and other emotions. These emotions do no dandy to one as they cause one to be a slave of himself and have no time for the soul.The Phaedo is a great piece of information and combines philosophy in an interesting narrative. Socrates death show us of how a man who is detached from the cares and worries of the body and takes more time of enriching his soul can easily go away with not much(prenominal) problem. Human beings are in constant worries of very many bodily desires, this desires have led to great suffering and problems to themselves and others around them. The bodily desires have led to unnecessary completion and rivalry which has bled to conflicts, greed, war and untold suffering. Socrates clearly put it that what we should try and live for is trying to achieve the appeasement of the soul as the soul is immortal and trying to please the body is just for a time and makes on to never be prepared for death. Men must learn that good acts to each other and the environment will mean that one will have a better life after death.

Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Hiv Health And Social Care Essay

Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Hiv Health And Social Cargon EssaySince the first reported case of human immunodeficiency virus/ support in 1981, the disease has had a devastating effect on all components of our society and has become the closely deadly cloudious disease epidemic in recent times. The disease is seen as a threat to the stability of entire nations and regions affecting the most productive members of the society. human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome has become a orbiculate phenomenon, however the disease is most pronounced in developing countries particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. The spread of the disease has reached pandemic proportions in most parts of the African continent (WHO 2007).The numbers of plenty infected with human immunodeficiency virus keeps on increasing particularly among the new-fashioned people. The estimated number of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus ecumenic in2009 is 33 million. African continent a lone had 22.5 million of the orbs estimated 33 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus/ back up (UN assist/WHO 2007).UN assist estimates showed that young people under 25 accounted for close 45% of all new human immunodeficiency virus cases (over 6800 people become infected with human immunodeficiency virus everyday) in adults in 2007. The disease insures to ravage Sub-Saharan Africa and it remains the most serious of infectious disease that challenges Africa. The leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa is HIV/ aid (Tanaka, Kunii, Hatano Wakai 2007).It is true HIV/AIDS continues to spread among the state of urban communities in Rwanda, with its heavy toll on the 15 49 year age groups, who constitute the economicalally productive sector of the countrifieds economy. Kanombe and Muhima Districts are urban communities in Kigali City Province, which has seen increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS. Urban districts are part of the worst HIV/AIDS prevalence in Rwan da. As at 2006 it had prevalence lay of 5.1% far loftyer than the rural average of 2.1 the same year. Rwanda is among the ten countries in Africa most severely affected by HIV/AIDS. The country is facing a generalized epidemic. National estimates indicate that in 2006, the adult prevalence rate is in the range of 3.1% among the general population (WHO 2007).Behavioral information serve as an early warning system and provide information to guide program design and evaluate interventions. In addition, the data provide information that can explain HIV prevalence trends.Prevention supports of donor agencies and the governing piss been working assiduously to curb the HIV/AIDS epidemic simply there has not been any considerable decrease in the prevalent rate within Kigali City Province. A circumstantial question here is what could wee accounted for this? Prevalence in 15-24 years group shows an increase trend though efforts have been made to slow down the spread. unripe female a dolescents are vulnerable and may be influenced into high-risk behaviors. The gab amongst male-female portionage regarding guard use in Rwanda is 40.9 and 19.7 respectively (WHO 2007).The aim of this analyze was to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of adolescents towards HIV/AIDS in order to institute meaningful preventive measures for the control of HIV/AIDS in Kigali City urban community. The findings of this study can be added to the existing body of knowledge on HIV/AIDS in Kigali City Province and in Rwanda as a whole. The findings of this study volition help policymakers and healthcare professionals to develop adolescent centered, all-round and intensive programs that will curtail the spread of HIV in the province.2. literature REVIEW2.1 HIV/AIDS DefinitionHIV is the short form of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that causes AIDS. (Levy. 1993). AIDS is an abbreviation for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Simply put Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the tender immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the cells in the human body that combat infections. Dr. Samuel Border, formerly at the National Cancer Institute in the United States of America, reminds us the history of HIV/AIDS. He said In June of 1981 we saw a young gay man with the most devastating immune deficiency we had ever seen. We said, we dont know what this is, but we hope we dont ever see another case like it again (WHO 1994).On 5th June, 1981, AIDS was first reported in Los Angeles, California. (Centers for Disease Control 1981). jibe to Broder S 1984 cited by Katrak 2006, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV 1) was discovered in 1983 as the root cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Katrak 2006).Kahende (2001), in his thesis viewed HIV/AIDS as a cause as well as a symptomof underdevelopment. Its long incubation period makes it hard to predict the social and economic effects it may have on households and national d evelopment as a whole. The disease mostly affects singles in their prime between the ages of 15 to 49 years and sizable number of those in this category will have major social and economic effects in the long run (World depone 2007, International Development Committee (IDC) 2001). The United Nations International Labor Organizations (ILO) report in Akukwe (2006), suggest that a minimum of 26 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS are in the workforce with at least two-thirds of them living in Africa. The consequence of this is that the labor force in Africa will be in jeopardy in the near future. The disease has an incubation period of about 8 years and someone infected with the virus could infect many other people (Kahende, 2001). This means that a person infected with HIV may not show any noticeable symptoms until between 8years to 10 years when the bodys immune system can no longer withstand the HIV virus. During this time many more persons will have become infected arou nd 6800 new infections per day at present) USAIDS (2007). This creates continuing rolling burden and a vicious cycle of illness and deaths which effects could be perilous to the affected countries. This makes AIDS much more dangerous than other diseases since diseases without incubation periods can be easily identified and treated (Kahende, 2001). Cure for HIV/AIDS has not been form yet, however, anti-retroviral therapy can prolong the lives of individuals living with HIV/AIDS (Akukwe 2006). This therapy is however currently expensive and not available to majority of infected people in sub-Sahara Africa (Fry 2007).2.2 Rwanda commonwealth Profile2.2.1 Rwanda HistoryRwanda is a small, landlocked country in Central Africa with 9.7 million and a high population density (368 people per sq. km). Rwanda became independent in 1962 after colonization by Germany (1899) and Belgium (1919). In 1961 its monarchical government was formally abolished by a referendum and the first parliamentary e lections were held.Political turmoil over the overlap of power and access to opportunities resulted in explosions of ethnic violence which have marked much of the recent history of the country. A civil conflict pitting the Hutu-led government against the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF), a Tutsi-led rebel movement, culminated in genocide, between April and June 1994. About 800,000 people were massacred by the army and the extremist Interahamwe militia. The RPF overthrew the regime in June 1994.While the country is currently at peace, Rwandans continue to struggle with the legacy of genocide. National reconciliation is a long-term endeavor that has the full commitment of the Government and the support of the global community. The Rwandan Government has undertaken significant measures to consolidate reconciliation including the continuation of the demobilization and reintegration project for ex-combatants and a model of democratization focused on a decentralized government activity (Wo rld Bank 2009).2.2.2 Economic and Social ProgressRwanda has made remarkable progress since the 1994 genocide and civil war. Peace and political stability have been re-established, reconciliation efforts are continuing, and democratic institutions and processes are being strengthened. Poverty and social indicators have also improved. Rwanda has been able to maintain overall macroeconomic stability and implement extensive reforms which have contributed to a strong evolution performance.Rwanda is on track to achieve several of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) MDG 2 on universal primary education MDG 3 on gender equality and MDG 6 on HIV/AIDS and malaria. Net primary adjustment is currently 95 percent, with 97 percent enrollment of girls. However, low completion rates and poor quality of basic education show that there are still major challenges to meeting MDG 2. HIV prevalence is estimated at about 3 percent with female infection rates (3.6 percent) substantially higher than th ose of males (2.3 percent). Rwanda is also on track to achieve the targeted reduction in malaria incidence (World Bank 2009).2.3 Adolescents and HIV/AIDSAdolescence is one of the most captivating and complex transitions in the life span. It is a period of tremendous adjustment for children and parents. As children transition from childhood to adulthood, they undergo many physical, emotional and behavioral changes. These changes include very fast physical growth, the rise of reproductive informality, new social roles, growth in thinking, feelings and morals. The sequence of pubertal changes is relatively predictable and consistent however, their timing is extremely variable (National Academies Press 1999, 1-2.).Nearly 50% of the worlds population is under 25 (UNFPA 2003). The threat ofHIV pandemic to young people cannot be over emphasized as UNAIDS estimates showed that young people under 25 accounted for about half(a) of all newHIV cases in adults in 2007 and more than half of the m still lack accurate and comprehensive information about how to avoid depiction to the virus (USAID2008).The indication that less than 40% of young people globally have accurate and comprehensive knowledge about HIV (UNGASS indicator 13) is unacceptably low and consequently worrisome. Previous studies done in USA (DiClemente, Zorn, Temoshok, 1986 Bhattacharya, Cleland, Holland, 2000),Nepal (Mahat G Scoloveno 2006) and Turkey ( Savaser 2003) where adolescents in those studies knew of only sexual route of transmission. There is the need to look up HIV/AIDS education among the jejuneness particularly in Sub-Sahara Africa where various cultures frown at sex education among adolescents.Young People between the ages of 15 to 24 accounts for 30% of all people living with HIV/AIDS (UNSAIDS 2001). The disease keeps on spreading especially among young people fashioning it even harder to control. The HIV/AIDS epidemic remain invisible to both young people and the society, people usually carry the disease for years without their knowledge. As a result, the epidemic is spreading among young people at an alarming rate.In sub-Sahara Africa, the situation looks gloomier. More than half of sub-SaharanAfrica have generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic, this means 5% or more of the youngpeople are infected (UNAIDS 2000). The youth constitute one-fifth of the worlds population and nearly two-fifths in the developing countries populations (Population Reference Bureau (PRB) 2000). All hands must be on deck to reverse the trend in order to salvage our youth from the scourge of HIV pandemic, the future looks bleak if current situation must be allowed to continue.Young people have been designated as a group at high risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS due to their involvement in sexual experimentation and the use of recreational drugs. Vulnerability of young people to HIV/AIDS can be attributed to physical, social, economical and psychological features of adolescents (Offer, Ostrov, Howard, Atkin son, 1988, 270 Senderowitz, 1995). Socially and economically, most adolescents are dependent and inexperienced therefore, they are unable to protect themselves from infections, and have less access to health care than adults. Again, young peoples vulnerability to HIV/AIDS increases as result of cultural practices that shape their behaviors. Adolescence is a stage where young people establish their sexual identities, in doing so they are faced with pressures from society as well as their peers.2.4 Adolescents knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and prevention of HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS has caused indescribable suffering to millions of people world wide.The fight against the scourge and epidemic of HIV/AIDS is and continue to be one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. The impact of the disease touches on the lives of the global community in different predictable and unpredictable ways. Though the severity of the crisis is obvious, biochemical and pharmaceutical development of va ccines continue to have limited success current drugs available can suppress the virus but they do not cure HIV infections or AIDS (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), 2009).Therefore, promotion of prevention strategies needs to be intensified in order to halt the spread of HIV.It is now a common knowledge as reported in many studies that Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via sexual contact is the most common(UNAIDS 2002) and accounts for 75 to 85 percent of all infections(Royce, Sea, Cates, Cohen, 1997). Over the past two decades, rates of infection with sexually transmitted diseases have continued to increase among teenagers. Roscoe and Kruger (1990) in their article call Late adolescents knowledge and its influence concluded that although adolescents knowledge of HIV transmission might have improved over the past few years, their risk-related behaviors remain unchanged. This, no doubt can be linked to Adolescents sexual behavior a nd knowledge, attitudes, perceptions towards HIV/AIDS.Numerous studies have been done on adolescents sexuality, knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors relevant to AIDS in order to improve the over all sexual behavior of adolescents. It is important at this point to consider such surveys of adolescents. A random-sample surveyed by Strunin and Hingson (1987) of 860 adolescents, 16 to 19 years of age, concerning their knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding AIDS indicated 70% were sexually active (having sexual intercourse or other sexual contact) but only 15% of them reported changing their sexual behavior because of concern about contracting AIDS, and only 20% of those who changed their behavior used effective methods.Several prominent studies showed high engagement in unsafe sexual behaviors such as sex with multiple partners, sex with unknown persons, as well as negative views about condom use, and a low rate of behavior change even after learning about HIV/AIDS (Bu ysse, 1996, Gray Saracino, 1989). This corroborates the suggestion that a moderate to high knowledge level of AIDS may not be a predictor of safe sexual behavior practices (Gray Saracino, 1989). However, a study conducted by Roscoe Kruger, (1990) of three hundred late adolescents suggests that one-third had altered their sexual behavior as a result of fear of the disease. Available Research on the effects of beliefs of susceptibility to AIDS indicates that adolescents and adults who report high perceived risk for AIDS practice safer sexual behaviors, whereas those who perceive low risk for contracting AIDS report practicing unsafe sexual behaviors (Gray Saracino, 1989 Villarruel, A.M., Jemmolt, Howard, Taylor, Bush, 1998).Youth Education and prevention programs have been used as the primary means of decreasing rate of HIV infections among adolescents, it can be summed up in three letters ABC(A=Abstinence, B=Be Faithful, C=Condoms). Barnett and Parkhurst (2005) have described a bstinence as the best followed by faithfulness to one partner and condom use as last. Anytime ABC is mentioned Ugandan situation comes to mind, in 1991, the government, opinion leaders and the people of Uganda had the courage to change the attitudes and behaviors that were spreading the HIV. A Harvard study in Uganda finds HIV rates drop 50% within eight years. The study credits abstinence education in reducing HIV/AIDS in Uganda (Trafford 2002). Again, it has been argued that condoms have about 10-13% failure rate in preventing pregnancy and 10-20% failure rate in preventing HIV for several reasons. Museveni (2004) in his commentary on HIV titled Behavioral Change Is the Only Way To Fight AIDS cited Uganda as being excellent in this direction it has successfully managed to bring the seroprevalence rate from 18.6% to 6.1% using just social vaccine (behavior change), approximately 70% reduction. Molomo 2008, National coordinator of NACA(National Action Committee on AIDS) said behavio ral change is the responsibility of the individual and not the community. He explained the latter could provide enabling environment within which the former can effect behavioral change. Attitudes, beliefs, and/or intentions have been described by many theories as proximal determinants of behavior. Consequently, changes in attitudes toward abstinence and condoms, and Perceptions of personal risk or susceptibility to HIV should be the main goals in any HIV/AIDS prevention program.3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of adolescents (15-24) towards HIV/AIDS in order to institute meaningful preventive measures for the control of HIV/AIDS.Ultimately, the study will provide information on appropriate intervention methods necessary for preventing HIV/AIDS among adolescents in the community.3.1 Research QuestionsWith respect to the theme of our research, the avocation research questions shall be addressed1. Wha t knowledge do adolescents in Kigali City Province have about HIV/AIDS?2. What are the perceptions and attitudes by adolescents towards HIV/AIDS preventions?3. Which preventive method(s) do they use?4. Do they perceive any risk of contracting/getting HIV/AIDS?4. RESEARCH METHODS AND information SOURCESQualitative research betterment will be used to address HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents. Qualitative methodology or deductive approach according toPope and Mays (1995) is used to explore, interpret or illustrate the actions and/or subjective experiences of research participants. In other words qualitative research tends to cause a comprehensive data about human observations, thoughts and feelings it tries to establish meaning from human life experiences.As the focus of our study is to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of adolescents and young adults towards HIV/AIDS and its prevention, a qualitative approach will allow the participants to express their feel ings and experiences genuinely (Punch 1998).